Gambling Cube Worlds Biggest Crossword

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Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for GAMBLING CUBES dice We hope that the following list of synonyms for the word dice will help you to finish your crossword today. We've arranged the synonyms in length order so that they are easier to find. 3 letter words CUT - DIE 4 letter words BONE - CAST - CHOP - CUBE - DICE - SHED 5. Welcome to our website for all World Casino is the largest casino in America with a total of 1495 rooms Answers. Since you are already here then chances are that you are looking for the Daily Themed Crossword Solutions. Look no further because you will find whatever you are looking for in here.

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Gambling Cube Worlds Biggest Crossword Puzzle Answers

Material added 13 Sep 04

I did a column for maa.org about the orbit for the Genesis mission. I set things up for Wolfram Research to watch the mission right over our Periodic Table, but far too early, it was all over. Still -- the mathematics behind the mission was interesting and flawless. GenesisMission.org has the latest news.

Nick Hobson runs the very nice Nick's Mathematical Puzzles: 'A collection of puzzles ranging over geometry, probability, number theory, algebra, calculus, and logic. Hints are provided, along with answers, fully worked solutions, and links to related mathematical topics. Many of the puzzles are elementary in their statement, yet challenging. New puzzles are added on a regular basis.'

85359^5 85282^5 + 28969^5 + 3183^5 + 55^5 was just found by Jim Frye. The last solution of this type was found by Lander and Parkin in 1967.

A little oddity I found is Sqrt[3109]+Pi (try it!). Some very large pictures have been drawn via GPS. A new version of Quantian is available. A book for the SIAM 100-Digit Challenge is now available.

Brian Trial: 'I've written a crude program to fit consecutive cubes inside a larger cube. Nothing earth shattering here, but the pictures are interesting, and it's interesting to observe the packing behavior as the number of cubes becomes large. Enclosed is POV source for cubes 1-412 in a 1988 cube for a 92%+ packing density, and cubes 1-1009 in a 6496 cube for a 94%+ packing density.'

Christian Blatter: '1. Print the attached file MacMahon.pdf on a color printer. 2. Cut out the six squares. 3. Choose an arbitrary one of these squares as model. Now comes the task: 4. Select four of the remaining squares and use them to compose a 2x2 square that is an enlarged copy of the chosen model. Maybe one of your readers has a computer with the power to create a really 'fractal' version of it.'

Peter Esser has made a very nice page about Polyspheres. He has many interesting polyform pages. Just recently, he put all the decominoes together: all decominoes: 4460 pieces without holes, 182 pieces with a single hole and 13 pieces with a double hole plus 5 additional single holes and 1 double hole = 46765 squares = 235x199.

Material added 26 Aug 04

Andrea Gilbert has put some new mazes on clickmazes.com. 'Erich Friedman's full-house puzzles are superb, now you can try them clickmazes-style. James Hutton of Melbourne, Australia has produced a version of marble mazes for the Nokia phone, try the free download here. Last but not least, a few additions to Oskar's collection, including the haunted vending machine puzzle.' Another set of Oskar mazes (Pathfinder) is at puzzles.com. Andrea also sent me an advanced copy of River Crossing 2, which should be available in stores very soon.

The Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences is having a party.

AK Peters.com, publisher of many recreational math books (Winning Ways, for example), has updated their website.

My latest maa.org column is about the Demoscene -- 64K or Less. I include my favorite 256B, 4K, and 64K programs, along with pictures, history, many great links, and explanation. Many excellent, tiny assembly programs are available, for your perusal.

For more mathematical graphics, Tim Rowley's page on SIGGRAPH 2004 papers has everything.

From the hard-to-move-pieces dept: 'It is a truly colossal project, a $2.6 billion gamble on the game of chess. The sprawling desert emirate, which has already vowed to build the world's largest mall, theme park, archipelago of man-made islands and tallest building on earth, now says it aims to conquer the age-old world of chess by creating the 64,000 square meter International Chess City, which will feature 32 buildings designed to mirror the image of a traditional black and white game board, Dubai hopes to corner yet another niche industry by winning over millions of chess enthusiasts worldwide.'

Wolfram Research (my employer) has released GUIKit (a free toolkit for building and running graphical user interfaces) and Publicon (a $150 product for making technical documents).

An interesting article on steganography (hiding messages within pictures) is at distrowatch.com.

Don Knuth: NIIHAU ± KAUAI ± OAHU ± MOLOKAI ± LANAI ± MAUI ± HAWAII = 0. That can be 0 or O at the end -- either alphanumeric has a unique solution. This is featured in the pre-release of The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4.

Brian Trial mentions the Persistence of Vision Raytracer below, which just came out with a new version. From (www.povray.org): A new POV raytracing competition will run from now until mid-October. The first prize is a raytracer's dream machine worth more than US$10,000.

RSA-150 was recently factored, to show off a new factoring technique.

Would anyone like a mathpuzzle.com email address? 2 Gigabytes storage, free, through the recently upgrade Yahoo Business Mail. Write to me if you would like one.

Material added 17 Aug 04

Richard Sabey recently found A = (1+9^-4^(7*6))^(3^(2^85)), an approximation to Euler's constant e=2.718281828... How many decimals of accuracy does this approximation have? a) 10 digits of accuracy, b) 86 digits of accuracy, c) 18457734525360901453873570 digits of accuracy, or d) none of the above? This was found as a part of Erich Friedman's monthly Math Magic.

Brian Trial (ourmail (at) provide.net): I've enjoyed the entries on your web site concerning fitting consecutive squares inside the smallest possible square and I wondered if the idea could be extended to three dimensions. Enclosed I have a picture of consecutive cubes 1x1x1 to 69x69x69, orthogonally fitting inside a cube 186x186x186, for a packing density of 90.6%. The picture was created by using the ray trace program Persistence of Vision (www.povray.org), which has a nice tutorial, is pretty simple to program, and nicest of all, it's free. Enclosed is my POV source code as well, which also includes the exact coordinates of each cube. I suspect an orthogonal solution with a higher packing density is out there, though so far I have not managed to get 1x1x1 to 70x70x70 to fit inside 189x189x189. If someone submits a solution to you, you might want to sent it to me first, I have a program that checks for overlaps, and it kept me honest on many occasions that my 2 dimensional brain was deceived.

Brian Trial's packing of cubes 1-69 in a 186 cube. Full, expanded picture.

George Miller's website www.puzzlepalace.com features many new 3D-printed puzzles, designed by Oskar van Deventer -- 'Oskar's Exotics'. Many different 3D printing technologies were investigated to produce these puzzles. All technologies build physical models layer by layer.

Inkjet printer technology that cures starch or plaster (3D color prints!).	Glue printers that bind steel powder which is then sintered.
Lasers heaters that fuse nylon powder or liquid particles together.	Laser cutters that build layered paper models.
Nozzles that deposit wax droplets for lost-wax casting.	Extruders that deposit thin wires of ABS.

George Miller is using the last technique, the ABS extruder, which he describes as a 'giant glue gun'. All technologies are mainly used for rapid prototyping, as it only takes several hours to create accurate fully functioning prototypes. Each technology has its own specifications for resolution/accuracy, strength and (im)possibilities. All technologies are still rather expensive, both in terms of equipment and materials. Despite that, George predicts that in ten years many people will have a 3D printer next to their desk. For now, this printer technology allows construction of puzzles that could not otherwise be built.

Tube Maze has deep undercuts, and a complex mesh of tubes.	Leaky Membrane is a 3-dimensional periodic minimal surface (see takahashi-5).
Moby Maze is a completely 'uncastable' maze based on a Mobius strip.	Turn Apart has circular dovetail connections in a Rubik-like form.
Snake Ball has helical grooves on a torus surface.	French Fries is a six-piece burr 'with a twist'.
Tanacube Too is a 7-piece tangrammic cube dissection.	Magno Maze is a 3-D rolling block maze.

And there are many more 'Exotics' on display, in total 13 new 3D printed designs now. George Miller offers a limited edition of Oskar's Exotics for sale. There are two ways of looking at the price of the 3D printed puzzles. On the one hand, 3D-printing is the least expensive way to produce these puzzles. On the other hand, it is also the only way. Some of Oskar's less complicated designs have been made by Hanayama Toys and Bits&Pieces.

Material added 05 Aug 04

Results of the Nob Yoshigahara Puzzle Design Competition have been posted on Puzzle World. Congratulations to all of the winners, and to all that entered. That looks like a fine collection of new inventions.

I received a very old puzzle in the mail. It's the 5 rooms problem. Draw a path through the walls of all 5 room, without going through any wall twice, and withouth crossing your path. I spent a long time during the third grade on this problem. There is no need to send answers to it. I decided I would make an update to the problem -- two rooms have been added to the original house. Now, you must pass through all but two doors of the house, without crossing your path. In addition, you must alternate going through red and green doors. The first house has already been solved for you. Answers.

Kadon Enterprises is having a contest, Narrow Passage, to see who can make the longest snake with the hexominoes. Below is a snake of length 31 with the pentominoes, by Guenter Stertenbrink. Can you find a longer one? If you can find a good answer for the contest, send it on to Kadon.

My latest Math Games column is on Modern Burr Puzzles. Get that Boxed Burr from Bits&Pieces while it lasts. While putting the column together, I came across some puzzles by GarE Maxton, which features elaborate dissections of a cube into interlocking pieces made from many different types of metal. For different dissections, Rinus Roelofs has spiral dissections of a cube and a sphere into 2 equal pieces.

Material added 25 Jul 2004

Markus Frind, Paul Jobling and Paul Underwood discovered the worlds first 23 primes in arithmetic progression.
56,211,383,760,397 +K*44,546,738,095,860 for K =0 to 22.

Erich Friedman. For each puzzle, find the starting hexagon and draw a path that passes through each open hexagon exactly once. For each segment in the path, you must go as far as possible, changing direction only when you are blocked by the grid's edge, a black hexagon, or a hexagon already visited.

I learned of the 96K Windows game .kkrieger recently, and tried it out from the .theprodukkt website. It's a first-person shooter type game, much like Doom2, with full 3D rendering, monsters, weapons, and soundtrack. I'd show a screenshot, but it's 377K, more than 3 times larger than the entire game. After checking out the game, I learned about the 'demoscene' -- a program under 64K in size that produces a full 3-D movie, complete with a sountract. For example, I really liked Project Genesis and Beyond, along with everything else made by Conspiracy. I also loved the Kings of the Playground invitation to Evoke 2004. More info on demoscenes can be found through scene.org. Minimalistic mathematical primitives create realistic effects, and top-notch data compression does the rest.

Speaking of data compression, Stephen Hawking has changed his mind about Black Holes. Data compressed by a singularity eventually escapes, but in unrecognizable form (lossy). Also, astronomers have determined that some black holes have torii. The Hubble Telescope has found a runaway black hole that moves 4 times as fast as any other star.

I've switched to the Firefox browser. Below is a screenshot of it in action. I use extensions Adblock, Basics, Compact Menu, FoxAmp, MiniT, QuickNote, Statusbar Clock, Tabbrowser Preferences, and Web Developer.

Quat is software for making three-dimensional fractals (Julia sets in quaternion space). The five part course What is Chaos? is available free.

Material added 13 Jul 2004

Google has launched a series of puzzles (spoilers). Stage Two can be found at {first 10-digit prime found in consecutive digits of e}.com .

Cihan Altay: PQRST 10 -- Puzzle Competition starts on July 17th Saturday at 20:00 (GMT+02). You'll have one week to solve 10 puzzles.

Kiki the Nanobot is a nice 3D version of Sokoban, available for free at Sourceforge.

John Gowland: Herman Goldstine died, a colleague of von Neumann and one of the creators of the ENIAC computer.

William Waite: I thought I'd let you know about the new wooden puzzles at the Nemmelgeb Murr Import Shop: the DoubleCross (engrossing), the StellarBurr (sculptural), the HexTrivet (practical), and the CoasterToaster (practical).

In the news recently, a student asked Jeb Bush to name the angles of a 3-4-5 triangle. He didn't have the answer on the top of his head. Then the student proceeded to give the wrong answer: 'The angles are 30-60-90.' Many major news organizations then published the exchange, without posting the correct answer. Didn't anyone at the New York Times pass basic trigonometry? I can excuse a person for not knowing 36.8698976458440212968556125591º and 53.1301023541559787031443874409º off the top of their head (I didn't know them), but everyone involved should have known the method (sohcahtoa). So, what are the angles of a 3465 - 49552 - 49673 triangle? As a slightly different question, can you find a triangle where each side has a length equal to the opposite angle in degrees? Solved by Earl Gose, Cpt. Lettuce, John Abreu, Alan Lemm, Chris Lomont, Juha Hyvönen, Joseph DeVincentis, Chris Lomont, Jon McLean, Carlos Gil, Jirka Kosina, Kirk Bresniker, David Stigant, Sandy Grace, James Mahaffey, Kimberly Pinkham, Bryce Herdt, Eugene Salamin, Shyam Santhanam, Alec Mihailovs, and Luke Pebody. Several gave a uniqueness proof using the Law of Sines. For a more difficult problem, find an exact solution for a right triangle where two of the sides match their opposite angles. Send Answer.

World's Biggest Crossword

I would love to see some good progress made in the Progressive Packing Problem, now featured at Math Magic. The suprise solution of Shigeyoshi Kamakura still amazes me.

More by Erich Friedman. Full House (as seen at the World Puzzle Championship Qualifier). For each puzzle, find the starting square and draw a path moving horizontally and vertically that passes through each open square exactly once. For each segment in the path, you must go as far as possible, changing direction only when you are blocked by the grid's edge, a black square, or a square already visited. Answers and Solvers. The analysis by Kirk Bresniker is quite interesting.

Patrick Hamlyn solved a challenge problem using the 108 planar heptominoes.

Documents on Weaving, Textiles, and Related Topics isn't kidding. There are hundreds of documents there discussing the mathematics behind weaving.

For Battleship Logic Problems, an excellent site is http://www.mountainvistasoft.com/.

Older material
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I announce updates to this site via that list.

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Mr. Puzzle

Martin Gardner celebrates math puzzles and Mathematical Recreations. This site aims to do the same. If you've made a good, new math puzzle, send it to ed@mathpuzzle.com. My mail address is Ed Pegg Jr, 1607 Park Haven, Champaign, IL 61820. You can join my moderated recreational mathematics email list at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mathpuzzle/. Other math mailing lists can be found here.

All material on this site is copyright 1998-2004 by Ed Pegg Jr. Copyrights of submitted materials stays with the contributor and is used with permission.
visitors since I started keep track. Yes, over one million.

Economy of Macau
Currency and identity
Resources
Companies
Other Macau topics

Gambling in Macau has been legal since the 1850s when the Portuguese government legalised the activity in the autonomous colony. Since then, Macau has become known worldwide as the 'Gambling capital of the world'^[1]^[2] or 'Monte Carlo of the East'.

Gambling tourism is Macau's biggest source of revenue, making up about 50% of the economy. Visitors are made up largely of Chinese nationals from mainland China and Hong Kong. With the entry of large foreign casinos from Las Vegas and Australia, Macau overtook the Las Vegas Strip in gambling revenues in 2007.

Until Western-style casino games were introduced in the 20th century, only Chinese games were played, the most popular being Fan-Tan. Generally, gambling in Macau can be divided into one of four categories: casino games, greyhound racing, sports betting, and lotteries. At the present time, Macau does not license online gambling operations.

Macau, a special administrative region like Hong Kong, is the only place in China where casinos are legal, and the business has grown at an astounding pace since 2001, when the government ended the four-decade gambling monopoly of the Hong Kong billionaire Stanley Ho.

Macau is the pre-eminent gambling capital of the world, grossing the highest amount of gambling/gaming revenue and greatly dwarfing all the other gambling centers/cities.^[1]^[2]^[3]

History[edit]

Casinos in Macau

In an attempt to generate revenues for the government, gambling in Macau was legalized by the Portuguese government in 1849.^[4] In the late 19th century, the government introduced a licensing system for the fantan houses (Chinese gambling houses). It is reported that over 200 gambling houses were required to pay gambling rent to the government.^[5] The second casino monopoly concession was granted to the Tai Heng^[6] Company in 1937.^[7] The company was, however, too conservative to fully exploit the economic potential of gambling.

The industry saw a major breakthrough in 1962 when the government granted the monopoly rights to all forms of gambling to Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau (STDM), a syndicate jointly formed by Hong Kong and Macau businessmen. The STDM introduced western-style games and modernised the marine transport between Macau and Hong Kong, bringing millions of gamblers from Hong Kong every year.^[5] The license was extended in 1986 for another 15 years but expired at the end of 2001.

Macau was transferred to the People's Republic of China in 1999 and became a special administrative region of China. During this transition, there were no changes to gambling policy in Macau.^[8]

In 2002, the Macau government ended the monopoly system and granted 3 (later 6) casino operating concessions (and subconcessions) to: Sociedade de Jogos de Macau (SJM, an 80% owned subsidiary of STDM), Wynn Resorts, Las Vegas Sands, Galaxy Entertainment Group, the partnership of MGM Mirage and Pansy Ho Chiu-king, and the partnership of Melco and PBL. On 18 May 2004, the Sands Macau casino opened near the Macau Ferry Terminal. Today, there are 16 casinos operated by the STDM, and they are still crucial in the casino industry in Macau.

Economic aspects[edit]

Gold Bars at the Emperor Casino in Macau

The so-called 'Monte Carlo of the Orient', Macau's economy relies heavily on gambling. Nowadays, the gambling industry generates over 40% of the GDP of Macau. Since the early 1960s, around 50% of Macau's official revenue has been driven by gambling. The percentage remained steady until the late 1990s. In 1998, 44.5% of total government revenue was produced by the direct tax on gambling. Then there was a 9.1% decrease in 1999, probably due to internet gaming. After the handover of the Macau from Portugal to China, the SAR released gambling licenses to other companies in order to eliminate the monopoly played by the STDM. In 2002, the government signed concession contracts with two Macau gaming companies, Wynn Resort Ltd. and Galaxy Casino. This opened the gambling market for competition and increased government tax revenue significantly. It also attracted more tourists to Macau. At this moment, according to official statistics, gambling taxes form 70% of Macau's government income.^[9]

However, the gambling industry is also a source of instability in the Macau economy, as the nature of gambling business is not susceptible to technological advancement or productivity growth. The gambling business is still dependent on the prosperity of other Asian economies, especially that of China. Due to Xi Jinping's promise on cracking down of corruption across mainland China, casino profits from across Macau have been reporting a decline in monthly profits^[10] In addition, a proliferation of other gambling venues in the region is drawing the target demographic away. Macau's 2018 grew 13% over the prior year, but this lagged behind the 41% growth in emerging casino markets in Singapore, South Korea, the Philippines and Australia, according to Fitch Ratings. In 2019 casino earnings reached their lowest level in three years.^[11]

Gambling forms[edit]

Casinos[edit]

Macau has 41 casinos (as of 2019), of which the biggest is The Venetian Macao. Twenty-four casinos are located on the Macau Peninsula and 17 on Taipa Island or the Cotai Strip. They all operate under a government franchise and under a common set of rules.

The main casino operators in Macau are SJM Holdings, Galaxy Entertainment and Las Vegas Sands with respective revenues of 9.7, 4.8, and 4.2 billion in 2011.^[12]

A wide range of games are available, including roulette, blackjack, baccarat, boule, Sic bo, Fan Tan, keno and slot machines.

Poker was introduced only in August 2007, in an electronic table format at Galaxy Starworld casino. The first live poker tournament was the Asia Pacific Poker Tour Macau event in November 2007. Shortly thereafter, in January 2008, the government of Macau published the official rules for Texas hold 'em poker games in Macau. In February 2008, Grand Lisboa Casino added the first live-dealer cash game tables. In May 2008, 'PokerStars Macau' opened at Grand Waldo Casino. In November 2008, Texas Holdem' Poker opened at Wynn Macau. 'PokerStars Macau' moved to a new location at the Grand Lisboa Casino in March 2009. Today, Wynn Macau, StarWorld, and the Venetian offer live-dealer cash game poker tables.^[13] Previously, most casinos were non-smoking. This caused serious discontent from both operators and visitors. In 2019, the Chinese Ministry of Health allowed smoking in special rooms in most casinos. In February 2020, in connection with the spread of coronavirus, after a two-week break in the casino, a restriction was introduced.

Casino Lights in Macau

**List of Casinos in Macau**
Name	Opening Hours	Size	Special Features
Casino Lisboa	24 hours	107 slots and 146 table games (190,000 sq ft)	Hotel with 1,000 rooms and 6 restaurants
Casa Real Casino	24 hours	123 slots and 53 table games (36,000 sq ft)	Hotel with 381 rooms and 2 restaurants
Grandview Casino	24 hours	51 table games	Hotel with 407 rooms and 2 restaurants
Casino Macau Palace	24 hours	51 slots and 12 table games (11,120 sq ft)	None
Altira Macau	24 hours	550 slots and 220 table games	Hotel with 216 VIP rooms
Jai Alai Casino	24 hours	208 slots and 61+ table games, 4 VIP rooms (67,075 sq ft)	None
Kam Pek Casino	24 hours	71 slots and 24 table games; 4 VIP rooms (34,320 sq ft)	None
Kingsway Hotel & Casino	12:00 – 04:00	20 slots and 8 table games (11,755 sq ft)	Hotel with 410 rooms
Grand Lapa Macau	12:00 – 04:00	59 slots and 11 table games (12,140 sq ft)	Hotel with 437 rooms and 6 restaurants
Mocha Clubs	24 hours	1000 slots (number of tables unknown)	None
New Century Hotel & Casino	24 hours	19 table games	Hotel with 554 rooms
The Legend Club	24 hours	108 slots and 12 table games; 1 VIP room (15,000 sq ft)	None
Sands Macao	24 hours	405 slots and 270 gaming tables (165,000 sq ft)	51 suite VIP hotel
Golden Dragon Casino	24 hours	137 slots, 123 gaming machines and 85 gaming tables, 15 VIP rooms	483 deluxe guest rooms including 84 harbour view rooms and 45 signature suites
Greek Mythology Casino	24 hours	228 tables (to be upgraded to 500), 100 slot machines (160,000 sq ft)	554 rooms at the New Century Hotel
MGM Macau	24 hours	345 gaming tables and 1035 slot machines	600-room hotel
Wynn Macau	24 hours	375 slot machines and 212 gaming tables (246,000 sq ft)	Integrated resort with 600 rooms and restaurants
The Venetian Macao, Cotai Strip	24 hours	3400 slot machines and 800 gaming tables (550,000 square feet of casino space)	Integrated resort with 3000 suites, convention and retail space
Babylon Casino – Fisherman's Wharf	11:00 – 23:00
Casino Crystal Palace at Hotel Lisboa	36 tables (14,100 sq ft)	Makccarat tables
Diamond Casino at Holiday Inn	6 + 1 VIP Room, 32 slot machines (6,900 sq ft)
Emperor Palace Casino	64 gaming table on 3 floors of casino concourse & 8 VIP Halls, 365 slot machines
Fortuna Casino	24 hours	35 gaming tables
Galaxy Rio Casino	80 tables, 150 slots, 4 VIP rooms	450 rooms, 65 suites
Galaxy Starworld	24 Hours	300 tables, 371 slots	StarWorld Hotel
Galaxy Waldo Hotel and Casino	24 Hours	63 tables, 8 VIP rooms, 100 slots	161 rooms
Pharaoh's Palace Casino	24 Hours	109 tables 5 VIP rooms, 383 slots (9000 sq ft)	3 Presidential suites, 448 Rooms and Suites at The Landmark
Ponte 16	24 Hours	150 tables, 5 VIP halls and 20 rooms
Casino Marina at Taipa	20 tables, 4 VIP rooms, 37 slots 45,900	312 rooms and suites at Marina Hotel
Crown Casino, Taipa – u/c	220 (80 VIP), 183,000 sq ft (17,000 m²) gaming space 500 slots
MJC Casino, Taipa	19 tables, 2 VIP rooms, 15,800 sq ft (1,470 m²)	3 Deluxe Rooms and 22 Junior Suites and 1 Presidential Suite and 352 Standard Rooms and 26 Suites
City of Dreams	24 Hours	420,000-square-foot (39,000 m²) gaming floor containing 550 gaming tables and 1500 machines; 85,000 square feet (7,900 m²) of retail space; Theatre of Dreams (1,700 seaters)	366-room Hard Rock Hotel and 290 suites Crown Towers Hotel, Cotai. Grand Hyatt Macau (971 rooms).
Galaxy Cotai Mega Resort, Cotai	450 tables, 1000 slot	2000 hotel rooms, 50 restaurants, an artificial beach, a wave pool
Galaxy Grand Waldo, Cotai	168 tables, 25 machines, 350 slots (120000 sq ft)
Casino Oceanus	24 hours	32,000 m2 on 3 floors containing 269 gaming tables and 569 machines^[14]	special facade, closest casino to the ferry terminal directly connected by a pedestrian bridge

Location of the Race-course and the Canidrome

Horse racing[edit]

Other than casinos, there is betting at the Macau Jockey Club and the dog-racing Canidrome.

Horse-racing mainly takes place every Tuesday and Saturday or Sunday at the race-course on the Taipa Island of Macau. The race-course has an area of 450,000 square metres and 18,000 seats for gamblers, and is open only for people over 18 years of age.

The Macau Jockey Club was formerly the Macau Trotting Club. In 1991, it was acquired by a consortium led by Stanley Ho. The Macau Jockey Club is one of the largest private employers of Macau with around 1,400 employees and around 1,100 part-timers.

*Some statistics for horse racing in Macau*
Year	Number of Visitors	overall betting turnover
89/90	268,561	462,642,000
90/91	305,957	637,308,000
91/92	349,845	979,940,000
92/93	353,730	1,296,616,000
93/94	324,953	1,296,133,000
94/95	367,185	1,521,334,000
95/96	376,487	2,285,331,000
96/97	352,440	2,635,168,000
97/98	369,957	3,421,173,000
98/99	325,444	3,576,040,000
99/00	306,319	3,567,430,000
00/01	284,569	4,019,742,000
01/02	330,298	3,263,321,000
02/03	308,168	3,297,540,000

Ways of betting

On-course betting

There are over 210 betting terminals 'on-course'. All terminals can perform sell and pay functions. Punters may bet in Hong Kong dollars or Macau patacas. Bets are accepted up to the start of each race. Punters may place a bet by oral instructions or by filling a ticket.

Off-course betting

There are over 80 betting terminals in the Off-Course Betting Centres. 14 Off-course Betting Centres are located in popular districts of Macau and Taipa.

Internet betting

The Internet betting service commenced on 20 September 2003. Customers can review the Club's internet betting website at www.macauhorsebet.com.

Telephone services

There are over 600 telephone service terminals and a total of over 38,000 telebet accounts. The winning dividend of account holders may at their instructions be automatically transferred to their bank accounts.

Fast Access Terminals (FAT)

Launched in June 1997, the personal betting terminal, FAT (Fast Access Terminal) offers betting, calculation of bet units, record tracking of bets, account enquiry, withdrawal instructions and other related information on races such as declaration and race-odds. Close to 1,000 customers are currently using FAT.

Hong Kong Service Centres

Three service centres are now set up in Hong Kong including Shaukeiwan Service Centre, Sheung Wan Service Centre and Mongkok Service Centre.

Greyhound racing[edit]

Greyhound racing takes place at the Canidrome on Avenida General Castelo Branco. These races are held on Mondays, Thursdays, Fridays and weekends starting from 7:45 pm and there are 16 games on every racing evenings. Admission is MOP$10 (usable for betting) for the public stand.

Players can bet inside the greyhound racing centre, or in off-course betting centres located in the Hotel Lisboa, Jai-Alai Palace and Kam Pek Casino.

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Gambling and society[edit]

The casino industry is viewed by some as harmful to society. A high crime rate was one of the biggest problems that Macau's colonial Portuguese government had to face. Since Macau's return to China's rule in 1999, the public security situation has markedly improved. With the growth of the casino industry, a business called 'bate-ficha' was developed and it is usually run by different triad societies. The bate-ficha business is an element of triad involvement in Macau's gambling industry. Bate-ficha involves selling customers 'dead chips' that cannot be exchanged for cash in the casinos, but only by bate-ficha men or women, who are officially known as 'gaming promoters' or 'middlemen' for a commission.

Triad involvement in Macau casinos makes a serious social impact on the local area. It attracts the attention of Chinese gangsters, whose deadly battles over the fortunes to be made from racketeering and extortion in the territory are a continuing problem. As different triad societies compete for controlled territory in the casinos and on the streets, disputes between societies occur from time to time. These are often settled in violent ways. Even worse, triad societies have grown so powerful in Macau that there was a trend that people tried to seek help from these societies rather than from the police. Although the situation has improved since the 1999 handover to China, the problem is still entrenched in the local area.

Gaming law[edit]

No one under the age of 21 is allowed to gamble.

Detailed law is enforced in Macau to ensure 'qualified operation of gambling' in Macau. The details are listed in Law 16/2001 (regime jurídico da exploração de jogos de fortuna ou azar em casino), and other laws regulating the activity of gaming promoters and credit for gaming.

The Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau (known as DICJ) is the main government unit that oversees the operation of different gaming activities.

Under Macau law, it stated that a permit issued by the Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau is required for the operation of lotteries sales, lucky draw or similar activities, and the initial procedure in the application on the operation of lotteries sales, lucky draw, or similar activities is to submit a notification to the relevant government department ten days prior to the application.

In the Macau legal system, gaming law is not considered as a branch of law in the traditional sense. Instead, it may be considered as a transversal gathering of a range of legal topics more or less directly related to gaming, including constitutional law, administrative law, tax law, company law, contract law, and criminal law. In this manner, issues of public law as well as private law are of relevance for gaming.

Tax law issues[edit]

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The taxation of casino sub/concessionaires is made of a fixed part and a variable part. The variable part falls on the gross gaming revenue. The tax rate is currently of 35%, plus two contributions of up to 2% and 3% for social and economic purposes. The maximum tax is therefore 40%. In addition, a fixed premium is also payable, plus a premium per VIP table, other table, and slot machine. Gaming promoters pay taxes on commissions received.

Contract law issues[edit]

From the perspective of contract law, gaming and betting are contracts which may or may not generate civil or natural obligations for the parties. The matter is regulated in the Civil Code 1999 (art. 1171), which states, drawing from Roman law, that gaming and betting generate natural obligations except in sports competitions and where the law provides otherwise. The problem is that gaming legislation currently does not provide to this effect.

Regarding credit for gaming, Macau law states since 2004 that the granting of credit for casino games of fortune generates civil obligations, which are fully enforceable in Macau courts. Credit for casino games of fortune is defined as any case where chips are passed on to a player without immediate cash payment of such chips; this is an intentionally broad concept. Credit for gaming is regulated by Law no. 5/2004, of 14 June.

Criminal law issues[edit]

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From the perspective of criminal law, there are specific criminal offences related to gaming; see Law 8/96/M, of 22 July, and Law 9/96/M, of 22 July. Other criminal law matters are covered by broader laws: the Penal Code and the law on Organized crime. Game cheating is mentioned in art. 6 of Law 8/96/M, of 22 July. In addition, general laws on the prevention and repression of money laundering and the financing of terrorism through casinos apply.

Problem gambling[edit]

As of November 2011, exclusion of players from gambling establishments is voluntary. If the person realises that their gambling activities begin to cause trouble, they can turn to the Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau to ban them from entering the casino. The government of Macau is seeking the opinions of the citizens on the possibility of establishing a programme that will allow excluding problem gamblers from all casinos without their consent. The Legislative Assembly is currently^[when?] analyzing the new draft law, which also deals with the problem of exclusion from gambling houses. The law suggests that the person can be excluded from the casino if they submit their own request or approve the request submitted by their relatives.^[15]

Other matters[edit]

Competition law matters, and advertising law, as well as the impact of WTO law on gaming, may also be pointed out as part of gaming law. Regarding online gaming, the Macau SAR does not currently grant concessions for online casinos. The current casino concessions only cover land-based gaming, not online gaming.

Academic research and teaching[edit]

The teaching of Macau gaming law started in 2005 the Faculty of Business Administration of the University of Macau, in the undergraduate program of gaming management.Since 2007 it is also included in the master program of international business law offered by the Faculty of Law of the University of Macau [1], in which various theses have already been defended in topics of gaming law.

References[edit]

^ ^a^bBranigan, Tania (11 May 2011). 'Macau – gaming capital of the world'. The Guardian.
^ ^a^b'Macau: The world's gambling capital'. BBC News.
^Riley, Charles (6 January 2014). 'Macau's gambling industry is now 7 times bigger than Vegas'. CNNMoney.
^Godinho, Jorge (2012) 'A history of games of chance in Macau, Part 1 : Introduction', in Gaming Law Review and Economics, Vol. 16, no. 10, p. 552-556, and (2013) 'Part 2 : The foundation of the Macau gaming industry », Gaming Law Review and Economics, Vol. 17, no. 2, p. 107-116.
^ ^a^bChan, S. S. (2000). The Macau Economy. Macau: Publications Centre, University of Macau. ISBN99937-26-03-6.
^'Macau Gaming Summary'. UNLV Center for Gaming Research. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
^Macau Yearbook 2007. Government Information Bureau of the Macau SAR. 2007. ISBN978-99937-56-09-5.
^'All you need to know, Macau Hotel'. Gambling Info. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
^Bloomberg, Macau Casinos Top Las Vegas as Adelson, Wynn, Battle Stanley Ho, 1 March 2007
^'Macau Gambling decline'. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^Ese Erheriene (7 May 2019). 'Casino Boom in Asia Pressures Vegas Operators: Regions new venues aim to draw gamblers beyond Macau, U.S. giants' longtime hub'. The Wall Street Journal. p. B5.
^'Main casino operators in Macau'. Travel & Gamble Online Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017.
^'Best Poker Rooms in Macau – Macau Poker Updated Jan 2014'.
^video on www.oceanus.asiaArchived 1 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^Macau Daily Times: Gov't considers ban on problem gamblers

External links[edit]

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Media related to Gambling in Macau at Wikimedia Commons

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